The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Sections 7 to 14 of The Charter of Rights and Freedoms list specific rights with regard to criminal law. (Sections 7 and 14 of the Charter do not exclusively apply to criminal law, as they do also apply to civil matters).
These sections are as follows:
s.7 - Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person, and the right not be deprived thereof, except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.
s.8 - Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure.
s.9 - Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned.
s.10 - Everyone has the right on arrest or detention:
a) to be informed promptly of the reasons thereof;
b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and
c) to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful.
s.11 Any person charged with an offence has the right:
a) to be informed without unreasonable delay of the specific offence;
b) to be tried within a reasonable time;
c) not to be compelled to be a witness in proceedings against that person in respect of the offence;
d) to be presumed innocent until proven guilty according to the law, in a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal;
e) not to be denied reasonable bail without just cause;
f) except in the case of an offence under military law tried before a military tribunal, to the benefit of trial by jury where the maximum punishment for the offence is imprisonment for five years or a more severe punishment.
g) not to be found guilty on account of any act or omission unless, at the time of the act or omission, it constituted an offence under Canadian or international law or was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations;
h) if finally acquitted or the offence, not to be tried for it again, and if found guilty and punished for the offence, not to be tried or punished for it again; and;
i) if found guilty of the offence and if the punishment for the offence has been varied between the time of commission and the time of sentencing, to the benefit of the lesser punishment.
s.12 - Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel or unusual treatment or punishment.
s.13 - A witness who testifies in any proceedings has the right not to have any incriminating evidence so given used to incriminate that witness in any other proceedings, except in a prosecution for perjury or for the giving of contradictory evidence.
s.14 - A party or witness in any proceedings who does not understand or speak the language in which the proceedings are conducted or who is deaf, has the right to the assistance of an interpreter.